Editor's Note:

China has long been committed to addressing global climate change and promoting sustainable development through technological innovation and international cooperation. Recently, the Global Times reporter Shan Jie (GT) interviewed Guo Huadong (Guo), an Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Director-General of the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals (CBAS), to discuss the role of big Earth data in helping Small Island Developing States (SIDS) achieve sustainable development and improve their disaster response capabilities.
GT: How do you view the role of big Earth data in helping SIDS to achieve sustainable development goals and enhance disaster response capabilities? What kind of support can the CBAS provide to these countries?

Guo: We have been done a lot of work in the field of big data technology, and it is widely recognized that big data plays a crucial role in helping SIDS achieve their sustainable development goals and address the challenges of natural disasters.

Moreover, resources are also changing. Through big Earth data, we integrate various data sources, including satellite remote sensing, meteorology, and ecology, to offer a comprehensive, timely, and accurate means of monitoring and analyzing ecological environments and natural disasters. This plays a significant role in facilitating sustainable development goals.

The challenges faced by SIDS make big data especially important. Our research center can contribute significantly in several ways. First, these countries lack data in their development processes, whereas our center has abundant big Earth data resources. Second, these countries also lack methodologies, but we have established a scientific big data platform and identified that our satellite data resources have significant advantages in terms of technological tools and model development. Third, these countries lack the relevant talent, and we can provide training.

Our center has five major missions, with the fourth and fifth missions focusing on training talent in developing countries. The Small Island Developing States Capacity Building Workshop on Utilizing big Earth data for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is one such example of our specific efforts in this regard.

In conclusion, big Earth data provides strong support for SIDS in addressing climate change and promoting sustainable development. We are committed to continuing to drive technological innovation and capacity building in this area, supporting these nations achieve safer and greener development.

GT: In September, you and your team released a series of data products for SIDS covering marine and land heatwaves, coral bleaching thermal stress, and etc. What new products will be released in the future?

Guo: Climate change has triggered a series of disasters, which are key global concerns and have a significant impact on sustainable development. Our big Earth data research focuses on greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide and methane emissions, as well as the carbon sequestration capacity of natural ecosystems. In terms of natural disasters, we monitor global floods, droughts, heatwaves, and other disaster types, and analyze the impact of these disasters on populations and economies using spatial information. The released global mangrove remote sensing product has already played a role in combating climate change and promoting sustainable development.

To address global climate change and disaster challenges, we have made contributions in greenhouse gas emissions and natural disaster monitoring. For example, despite the increasing trend of global meteorological droughts, severe drought impacts have decreased due to human irrigation efforts, which shows the vital role of irrigation in mitigating drought. Looking ahead, climate change will continue to pose a long-term threat to humanity.

Recently, we collaborated with scholars worldwide and published an article in Innovation from the perspective of global governance, proposing a synergy between climate change responses and sustainable development goals, aiming to enhance efficiency and reduce costs.
GT: You have witnessed the development of China's remote sensing technology alongside the nation. Could you share your observations and insights?

Guo: The development of remote sensing has been synchronized with China's reform and opening-up. China's reform began in 1978, the same year we started large-scale airborne remote sensing experiments, such as the Tengchong Airborne Remote Sensing Experiment, which used domestically developed payloads to observe resources in Tengchong, Southwest China's Yunnan Province. This experiment marked the beginning of China's remote sensing history.

After that, our remote sensing communities conducted environmental remote sensing in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in North China, followed by remote sensing for site selection for the Ertan Hydropower Station in Southwest China's Sichuan.

We refer to these three projects as the "three major battles," which officially opened the chapter of China's remote sensing history.

At the same time, China's reform and opening-up also unfolded. Therefore, I have always believed that remote sensing has progressed in tandem with China's reform and opening-up. Over the last 46 years, China's remote sensing technology has made significant advances. In satellite remote sensing, China has developed meteorological satellites, ocean satellites, resource satellites, and environmental satellites, and even sustainable development satellite and other scientific satellite systems, with commercial satellites developing rapidly as well. The progress is not only in spaceborne remote sensing but also in airborne remote sensing and remote sensing data processing software.

These remote sensing technologies have been applied extensively in resources, environment, energy, and other fields, achieving significant progress. China has become one of the global leaders in remote sensing technology, which has played a crucial role in monitoring resources and the environment, supporting national economic construction, social development, and national security.

International cooperation has also been integral to the development of remote sensing. In 2016, I initiated the Digital Belt and Road program(DBAR), aimed at leveraging digital technology to promote the Belt and Road Initiative. Initially, 28 countries participated, and it has now expanded to 59 countries with nine international excellence centers. Remote sensing has played a vital role in advancing global cooperation and development.

I also launched the "ABCC Plan," a comparative study of climate change remote sensing involving Australia, Brazil, China, and Canada. The aim of this plan is to utilize these countries' remote sensing capabilities to analyze and compare the impacts of global climate change.

GT: After years of working with remote sensing satellites as your "eyes" to observe the Earth, how do you view the improvement of China's ecological environment?

Guo: The improvements are clear. We often refer to remote sensing satellites as the "eyes in the sky," which offer a broader perspective than our human eyes. Remote sensing technology can observe objects across the full spectrum of electromagnetic waves, enabling effective observations even at night. For example, remote sensing satellites can detect not only the presence of water, but also analyze its transparency. High-resolution satellites can even accurately determine how many solar panels and wind turbines are installed in China.

Every year from 2019, we write a report entitled Big Earth Data in Support of Sustainable Development Goals. These reports provide detailed assessments of progress toward sustainable development goals through big data analysis. For example, in 2023, we found that China had achieved more than half of the total environment-related sustainable development goals ahead of schedule, with over 52 among 92 indicators showing significant improvement. This is especially impressive given the global context of climate change, the pandemic, and economic slowdowns.

GT: What role do you think digital Earth plays in global sustainable development? What are the main challenges in its practical application and promotion?

Guo: The concept of digital Earth was proposed at the first International Symposium on Digital Earth in 1999. When a journalist asked me how I would describe digital Earth, I replied: "Digital Earth is about putting the Earth into a computer." Digital Earth gives us a comprehensive view of the Earth. As the concept of big data has evolved, digital Earth has entered the era of big data.

Big data offers a new paradigm for digital Earth. Its primary task is to use various algorithms and tools to extract knowledge from diverse, massive, and complex Earth data, develop relevant theories, and explain the mechanisms of social and physical systems to ensure the protection and sustainable development of the Earth. This is critical for achieving global sustainable development goals.

The challenges mainly lie in several areas: First, we need to strengthen research on theories, technologies, and methodologies to drive science and technology development through data. Second, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence and deep learning, data processing technologies must continuously innovate. Furthermore, it is essential to make our scientific platforms and data model resources accessible globally, especially for developing countries. In the future, we will build think tanks that leverage global resources to accelerate the realization of sustainable development goals.

GT: How does CBAS contribute to national and international sustainable development progress?

Guo: Since its inception, the center has achieved numerous accomplishments. We successfully launched China's first sustainable development science satellite, equipped with thermal infrared, glimmer, and multi-band imagers. The satellite data has been well utilized, with users from 104 countries worldwide downloading our data through SDGSAT-1 Open Science program, continuously promoting global data sharing.

Our data is already being used by several United Nations agencies, including the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Additionally, our reports on Big Earth Data in Support of the Sustainable Development Goals arereleased by state leaders at international events. For instance, the 2019 report was one of four official documents submitted by China's delegation to the 74th session of the United Nations General Assembly.

The center has made significant contributions to international cooperation as well. We have signed memoranda of understanding with various UN agencies, such as UNEP and FAO. The center's SDGSAT-1 has been highly recognized by the central government and is listed as one of China's seven major actions to implement the 2030 Agenda.

We have also initiated the Internaional Forum on Big Data for Sustainable Development, Goals (FBAS) which has now been held for four years and has become a high-level think tank in the field of sustainable development around the world. The center has established a global cooperation network, attracting eight international institutions and six domestic partners. We also formed a Fellowship program comprising internationally renowned scholars, including former presidents of the UN General Assembly and former directors-general of UNESCO, which has greatly enhanced the center's international influence.

In 2023, Csaba Krösi, the President of the 77th United Nations General Assembly, visited the center and said he saw the most advanced technologies and achievements, and found like-minded partners. He said that his dream had come true that day, which was a great recognition of our work.

GT: What is the state of global data sharing? Are there still barriers?

Guo: In terms of data sharing, we have always believed that if data cannot be effectively shared, the potential of big data cannot be realized. Therefore, since the center's inception, we have attached great importance to data sharing. Our first sustainable development satellite has achieved global open sharing, and 104 countries are now using our data.

I want to emphasize that while our satellite investment is not large, it has already provided significant data support to many countries. For instance, out of the 193 UN member states, 104 have used our data. More than 100 research papers have been published using our data, which is also a recognition of the scientific value of our work.

Moreover, based on these data, we have released several reports for the United Nations and signed cooperation agreements with several international organizations to promote global data sharing and application.

GT: What replicable and scalable experiences can be drawn from the SIDS training program?

Guo: Although the number of SIDS is limited, they face common challenges, especially the threats posed by climate change and rising sea levels. The United Nations places great importance on these countries. In facing these challenges, they have a strong need for data and technical support.

We provide data support and technical training for small island countries. For instance, we promise to offer the data they need and help them compile relevant reports. Through the training workshops, they have learned how to access and analyze big Earth data, enhancing their capacity to respond to climate change and disasters. This training model can be extended to other developing countries.

Overall, the experiences from the SIDS training program can serve as valuable references for other developing nations, helping them address climate change and achieve sustainable development through data-driven solutions, capacity building, and international cooperation.

Fossils of pterosaurs, stegosaurs, plesiosaurs, and more - this dinosaur fossil site in Southwest China's Sichuan Province showcases numerous prehistoric creatures that surpass the diversity seen in the Jurassic World movies.

It is the Dashanpu Middle Jurassic Dinosaur Fossils Site, located in Zigong, a city in southern Sichuan Province. As one of the world's most renowned dinosaur fossil sites, it has an excavated area of nearly 3,000 square meters, uncovering tens of thousands of fossilized bones from over 200 individual dinosaurs and other vertebrates from 160 million years ago.

At the recent 37th International Geological Congress held in Busan, South Korea, the Dashanpu Middle Jurassic Dinosaur Fossils Site was listed as a Geological Heritage Site by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).

"The richness in number, diversity of species, concentration of burial, and the preservation quality of dinosaur and other vertebrate fossils at the site is unmatched globally," Jiang Shan, director of the research department at the Zigong Dinosaur Museum, told the Global Times.

Scientific value

The Dashanpu site was once a lake-delta environment during the ­mid-Jurassic period. This lush and water-rich landscape combined with warm and humid climatic conditions provided a perfect environment for dinosaurs and other vertebrates to thrive.

When dinosaurs died on a large scale for various reasons, periodic large floods swept their bodies into the area. As water flow slowed at the lake's entrance, many dinosaur carcasses settled and were quickly buried, undergoing petrification over millions of years. Over time, the accumulation of fossils created a vast and spectacular dinosaur graveyard.

The fossil site boasts the most concentrated dinosaur fossil deposits, many of which are well preserved. Among the notable finds are the best-preserved eusauropoda known to date and the most complete primitive stegosaur globally.

"This site not only fills a significant gap in the sparse mid-Jurassic dinosaur fossil record, but also provides extremely valuable materials for the study of early dinosaur systematics," said Zeng Xiaoyun, director of the Zigong Dinosaur Museum.

The site also features the richest assemblage of mid-Jurassic terrestrial vertebrate fossils. Prior to this discovery, mid-Jurassic dinosaur fossils were sporadically found in North Africa, East Asia, Western Europe, and Australia, leaving a limited understanding of dinosaurs from this period.

The discovery at Dashanpu opens a window into the mid-Jurassic terrestrial fauna. During this time, the Dashanpu area was home to a variety of carnivorous and herbivorous dinosaurs, as well as fish, amphibians, crocodiles, and flying pterosaurs, forming a highly concentrated and diverse mid-Jurassic dinosaur fossil community.

The application process for the second batch of 100 geological heritage sites recognized by the IUGS began at the beginning of 2023. A total of 10 geological heritage sites from China were submitted, of which three were selected. After more than a year of evaluation by experts, the final list was announced by competing against 174 candidate sites from 64 countries.

"The inclusion of the Dashanpu Middle Jurassic Dinosaur Fossils Site highlights the scientific value and research standards of the site, as well as the international recognition of the protection measures implemented by the Zigong Dinosaur Museum," Jiang said.
Digitalized preservation

In 1987, the Zigong Dinosaur Museum was established on the fossils site, which is currently the most comprehensive museum in the world for showcasing mid-Jurassic dinosaur fossils. It has served as the core of the Zigong Global Geopark, recognized by UNESCO as a key site for geological and paleontological research.

The museum's collection primarily features Mesozoic dinosaur specimens, covering paleontology, petrology, and mineralogy, including many of the finest specimens from the Dashanpu site, ranging from large and complete dinosaur skeletons to the smaller fossilized remains of other vertebrates.

Among its treasures are a preserved dinosaur fossil area of 1,350 square meters, world-class specimens of significant scientific value, such as the most complete and primitive stegosaur, and China's first stegosaur skin impression fossil.

"These invaluable fossils provide crucial material for research on dinosaur classification, physiological traits, and evolutionary history," Huang Xinyue, deputy director of the office at the museum, said.

The museum has used digital technology to enhance its preservation and research efforts. According to He Xu, a senior engineer at the museum, it has digitized its collections, creating 3D models of its key fossils to ensure that they are accessible to researchers around the world.

"We will continue to strengthen the preservation and utilization of cultural and natural heritage, using modern technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and virtual reality to establish a digital dinosaur museum," said Zeng, the museum director.

Since the Zigong dinosaur fossils first traveled to Hiroshima, Japan in 1989, they have been exhibited in more than 30 cities across nine countries and regions, including Japan, Thailand, Denmark, the US, South Africa, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, China's Hong Kong SAR, and the island of Taiwan.

The museum also hosts international academic conferences and collaborates with foreign universities and research institutions to promote the study of dinosaur evolution and mid-Jurassic ecosystems.

According to Jiang, the museum has been strengthening collaboration with domestic and international universities and research institutions, such as Stony Brook University in the US, the University of Bonn in Germany, the University of Hong Kong, the China University of Geosciences (Beijing), and the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

"Through synergistic innovations involving museums, universities, and research institutes, the museum aims to support the advancement of dinosaur fossil research and preservation," Jiang noted.

Chinese netizens poured out their grief on social media over the death of Shi Banyu, who was deemed the "official voice of comedian Stephen Chow." Shi passed away in Beijing on Tuesday at the age of 66. 

During the golden age of Hong Kong cinema in the 1980s and 1990s, the dedication of Putonghua dubbing actors played an indispensable role in winning over countless loyal fans in the Chinese mainland. It was their expressive and skillful voice work that brought iconic characters to life, leaving a lasting impression on audiences.

Shi's agent revealed that he suffered a sudden cardiac arrest that morning, which led to his untimely death. The news came as a shock to many, as the incident was completely unexpected.

Shi's funeral is scheduled on Friday at the Babaoshan Funeral Parlor in Beijing, and his agent confirmed that it will be open to the public, according to local media.

According to media reports, Shi started his career back in 1980s. He began working for Chow in 1990 in "God of Gamblers 2" when Win's Film Productions sought a hilarious voice for Chow to open markets in the Chinese mainland and Taiwan. 

Shi single-handedly went on to dub Chow in nearly 30 movies over the next two decades, media reported. 

Shi was born on March 9, 1958 on the island of Taiwan. His family was originally from Guilin, South China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. He entered the voice acting industry in 1985. 

Following Shi's passing, Chow, Hong Kong director Lee Lik-Chi, and many industry peers all paid tribute to him. 

On Wednesday, Chow shared on his Instagram, "I will forever remember Mr. Shi Banyu." 

Fans have also expressed their sorrow, saying that an era has come to an end, and that they will never hear his iconic laughter again. 

Some noted that their memories of Chow were heavily intertwined with Shi's voice, to the point where they believed the Putonghua dub was Chow's own voice.

In 2022, Shi disclosed that he had been diagnosed with lung aspergillosis after enduring a persistent cough and significant weight loss. Many noticed that his voice had changed. Shi explained that his throat had been affected by the coughing and that he was in significant pain, taking medication daily. 

However, during the 30th anniversary concert of classical Chinese folklore TV series The Legend of White Snake in July, Shi appeared in much better health, leading many to believe he had recovered. 

Shi also did the Chinese dubbing for several US animated works, including the renowned China-US co-produced film Kung Fu Panda 3 where Shi provided the Putonghua voice dubbing for Po, the lovable and enthusiastic panda. He brought his own unique touch to the character in the Putonghua version of the film. His dubbing contributed to the success of the movie in Putonghua speaking regions, ensuring that Po's humor and personality resonated with local audiences.

From 2006 onwards, Shi also appeared in several TV dramas, including the 2007 Taiwanese drama Corner with Love. 

Throughout his career, he did voice work for over 300 films and TV series.

China's 2024 summer box office, spanning from June 1 to August 31, generated a total of 11.64 billion yuan ($1.64 billion) in revenue, according to the data released by the China Film Administration on Sunday.

Leading the summer box office was the comedy Successor, which grossed 3.25 billion yuan as of Saturday, setting a new record for the highest-grossing comedy in summer box office history. Featuring comedy stars Shen Teng and Ma Li and directed by Yan Fei and Peng Damo, the film tells the story of a wealthy couple who deliberately fakes a challenging environment for their son in order to foster his personal growth, accoridng to Chinese ticketing platfrom Maoyan.

The crime thriller A Place Called ­Silence, which explores the topic of campus bullying, followed with 1.35 billion yuan, making it the top-grossing suspense and crime film in China in 2024.

The third spot was claimed by the Hollywood import Alien: Romulus with a box office of 640 million yuan. It is also the box-office champion for thriller films this year. Moments We Shared and Deadpool and Wolverine rounded out the top four and five with box-office totals of 490 million yuan and 420 million yuan respectively.

By Friday, 139 films had been released during the summer, equal to 2023's total. The films covered a wide range of genres, including dramas, animations, documentaries, comedies, action films, thrillers and romances, catering to diverse audience tastes.

According to box-office tracker Dengta Data, by August 12, the total box-office revenue for cinema broadcasts of the 2024 Paris Olympics had reached 2.442 million yuan, contributing a small amount to the summer box office.

This event included 22 live broadcasts, covering competitions such as the opening and closing ceremonies, as well as finals and semifinals of popular events in which the Chinese team was favored to win.

"We can see that domestic films still dominated the market, with titles like Successor and A Place Called Silence achieving significant box-office revenue, proving that quality content can still attract viewers and achieve strong box-office results," Zhang Peng, an associate professor at Nanjing Normal University, told the Global Times.

Two Hollywood films made it into the box-office top five this summer, which "demonstrates the continued influence of imported films in the Chinese market as well as the openness of the Chinese film market," Zhang said.

According to Zhang, Hollywood movies, with their high production standards, special effects, star-studded casts, and high-profile super IPs, have successfully attracted a large number of Chinese audiences.

The summer period saw 285 million tickets sold, with 38.26 million screenings, a 10 percent increase compared to 2023 and breaking the historical record for the total number of screenings in a summer season.

Despite the record number of screenings, both box-office revenue and ticket sales saw a significant drop compared to the same period in 2023, when the summer box office raked in 20.619 billion yuan and sold 505 million tickets. Only one film crossed the 20 billion yuan mark in the summer of 2024, compared to four such blockbusters in 2023. "The decrease in blockbuster hits has made the market less attractive, leading to lower audience engagement and failing to replicate the nationwide movie-watching frenzy seen last year," Zhang explained.

The year 2024's subdued summer performance also reflects the long-term impact of the pandemic, according to Sun Jiashan, an associate researcher at the Central Academy of Culture and Tourism Administration.

"Usually, even low- to mid-budget films generally take one to two years to complete productions, while larger productions can take three to four years. During the pandemic, this slowdown is only becoming evident now," said Sun.

In one exhibition corner, several guests from Chad, Nigeria and Egypt carefully explore traditional cloisonne techniques by painting some cultural products. Nearby, some guests are fully immersed in an 8k ultra HD video experience, which is taking them on a virtual journey from the Central Axis of Beijing to the majestic wildlife migrations of Africa. 

This scene took place at the China National Convention Center, the venue for the 2024 Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (­FOCAC), on Thursday. 

During the summit, the newly released China-Africa Cooperation Beijing Action Plan (2025-27) highlighted people-to-people exchanges in terms of culture, tourism and sports.

The plan noted that the two sides will jointly implement the Global Civilization Initiative (GCI), increase engagement and cooperation in areas such as education, science and technology, health, tourism and media, strengthen cultural exchanges, and enhance people-to-people ties, with the aim of cementing the social foundation for friendship between China and Africa. 

Many guests from countries including Zimbabwe, Mali and Uganda told the Global Times that FOCAC has consistently been a platform that fosters deeper cooperation and cultural exchanges between China and Africa, particularly in areas critical to sustainable development. 

On Tuesday, China signed a number of joint statements with many African countries such as Zimbabwe, Nigeria and Uganda.

Tungamirai Eric Mupona, vice chairman of the China Zimbabwe Exchange Center, told the Global Times that the summit can be seen as a concrete manifestation of China's active implementation of the GCI. He highlighted ­China's support for Zimbabwe's educational infrastructure and the preservation of its traditional culture. 

Mupona also noted the significance of a memorandum signed between the two countries' national television networks and media, which is expected to further promote people-to-people exchanges. 

Melha Rout Biel, executive director of the Institute for Strategic and Policy Studies from South Sudan, told the Global Times that South Sudan is home to over 60 distinct ethnic groups, each with their own unique culture and traditions, much like China's 56 ethnic groups. This diversity forms an essential foundation for cultural exchanges between the two countries. 

"We are all human beings, so you can learn from others. Cultural interaction brings people closer together," Biel said, adding that South Sudan's rich tradition of arts and crafts offers China a window into African culture and highlighting the potential for mutual enrichment through such exchanges.

Dahlia A. Ducreay, director of the International Department from the Silk Road Youth Forum, told the Global Times that China and Africa can build a partnership that is not only strong but also "just and sustainable." "I would like to emphasize the importance of ensuring that development initiatives under FOCAC and the Belt and Road Initiative are not only economically beneficial but also socially empowering."

The consulates general of Spain, Germany, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Poland in Shanghai and the European Union jointly launched the EU Jazz Month from September 6 to 29, creating good, healthy and happy vibes for music lovers.   

Music bands, including Marco Mezquida - Tornado from Spain, Malstrom Live Concert from Germany, Fingerprint featuring Shirma Rouse from the Netherlands, Greg Lamy Trio from Luxembourg and Zk Collaboration from Poland, are in the spotlight over the month of September. 

From September 6 to 7, Spanish jazz pianist Marco Mezquida, along with his musical partners, bassist Masa Kamaguchi and drummer Ramon Prats, offered a wonderful rendition of the album "Tornado."

On September 8, German Malstrom Live Concert was staged as part of the EU Jazz Month. 

Based on jazz, their music blended contemporary influences such as free improvisation, metal, rock, and electronica, with a strong sensory impact and ferocious performance.

Rahmat Allah Mohamed Osman, the permanent representative of the African Union (AU) to China, highlighted in a recent interview with Global Times that the 2024 Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) that just concluded in Beijing is significant for China-Africa relations. He believes that China and Africa have mutually beneficial needs, and expresses hopes for the implementation of more policies in China's support in agriculture, industry, and talent development to Africa.

The AU is the first regional international organization to sign a cooperation plan with China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and establish a working coordination mechanism. In Osman's view, China-Africa cooperation can effectively promote the realization of Africa's development blueprint "Agenda 2063" and accelerate industrialization in Africa.

In 2018, the AU established a representative office in China, with Osman, as the first AU permanent representative to China, having witnessed the upgrading of China-Africa relations. In 2023, China launched the Initiative on Supporting Africa's Industrialization, and implemented the Plan for China Supporting Africa's Agricultural Modernization and the Plan for China-Africa Cooperation on Talent Development under the framework of the FOCAC to support Africa's development and prosperity with concrete steps.

According to Osman, these initiatives cover areas that are urgently needed for Africa's modernization efforts and will help African countries enhance their development capabilities.

Industrialization is the necessary path for the African continent to achieve development and is an important cornerstone for Africa's prosperity and strength. Osman believes that deepening cooperation between Africa and China will strongly promote the realization of the AU's Agenda 2063 and accelerate the industrialization process in Africa. 

African countries have a significant demographic advantage, with a high proportion of young people, and cooperation between Africa and China in talent development will help to unleash the demographic dividend of African nations, he said.

Osman noted that China and Africa are making progress to heighten trade, with Kenyan flowers and avocados already making their way into the Chinese market, and Ethiopian and Rwandan coffee being enjoyed by Chinese consumers. He believes that trade between China and African countries still has great potential for growth.

The envoy criticized the Western narrative of China engaging in neo-colonialism in Africa. He stated that African countries share many common concerns with China, which has always listened to Africa's voice and provided steadfast support. Historically, Western colonizers plundered Africa's resources and showed indifference to local construction and development in Africa.

"This [narrative of China engaging in neo-colonialism in Africa] is ridiculous and it's not acceptable for us at all," the envoy told the Global Times.

In the harsh, oxygen-thin environment of the Xizang Autonomous Region in Southwest China, where life on the "roof of the world" meets daily challenges, the resilience and unity of the Chinese people have been tested and proven over the last three decades.

Since 1994, approximately 12,000 officials have been dispatched to Xizang through the paired-up assistance mechanism. Among them, Party members have formed the backbone of this mission, which has been sustained across generations.

They are comprised of doctors who brave the cold and lack of oxygen to bring health and hope to remote villages; teachers who cross mountains and rivers to impart knowledge and ignite the dreams of children; engineers who carve roads through treacherous terrain, connecting isolated communities to the broader world; and officials who leave their homes and families behind to dedicate themselves to the development of Xizang, embodying the spirit of perseverance and dedication.

As 2024 marks the 30th anniversary of these dedicated efforts in aiding Xizang, the Global Times has interviewed aid teams from across the region to delve into their inspiring stories.

Long-lasting spirit

Li Manwan has never regretted her decision.

A doctor from Changde, Central China's Hunan Province, Li first arrived at the Lhunze County People's Hospital in Shannan Prefecture, southeastern Xizang in August 2021. After completing her initial year-and-a-half aid mission in Xizang, she applied to join the second batch of medical workers in March 2023, continuing her service in Lhunze to fulfill her medical mission.

Lhunze sits at an average altitude of 3,800 meters and is known for its harsh, windy conditions. Initially, Li overcame the discomfort caused by altitude sickness and took full responsibility for clinical teaching, outpatient services, and surgeries in the hospital's obstetrics and gynecology department.

Within just two years, the obstetrics and gynecology department developed into a comprehensive clinical unit, integrating gynecology, obstetrics, family planning, and health care, with the capability of handling emergency care for pregnant women and newborns.

Li has excelled not only in improving medical techniques, but also in team building.

Over the last three years, Li has also led her team to complete free screenings for the "two cancers" across all 11 townships in the county, serving a total of 1,066 people.

"Lhunze is my second home, and the obstetrics and gynecology department is like a child I have nurtured. I want to continue guiding it forward," Li told the Global Times.

In northern Xizang, a hospital located at an altitude of 4,500 meters has become a shelter for the local people, granting them access to guaranteed medical services.

The Nagqu People's Hospital faced challenges such as its remote location and harsh climate, as well as trouble attracting and retaining highly skilled medical professionals.
Nagqu is also the highest-altitude prefecture-level city in the country, with the harshest environmental conditions for local residents. The average elevation in the city is 4,500 meters, and the oxygen content in the air during the summer is only 58 percent of that at sea level. The annual average temperature ranges from -0.9 C to -3.3 C.

Since 2015, Liaoning Province has dispatched a total of 116 experts to assist Xizang, providing strong support for the high-quality development of medical services in Nagqu. Additionally, Liaoning Province has invested over 20 million yuan ($2.7 million) in the purchase of equipment such as magnetic resonance imaging and telemedicine platforms to aid in the hospital's development, the Global Times learned from local government.

Currently, critical care units for maternal and child health, pediatric critical care, a high-altitude medical research center, and emergency rescue ave all been established.

"In the past, women from local herding communities did not have the habit of giving birth in hospitals, but now people are more willing to come to the hospital because it is safer, more reliable, and more hygienic. People also have more faith in the hospital," Zhao Yi, director of the obstetrics and gynecology department at the Nagqu People's Hospital, who comes from Liaoning, told the Global Times.
Better life, better future

Some of China's most economically developed regions are also bringing their advanced experiences, skills, and concepts in development to the most remote areas of Xizang.

Medog county, the last county in China to be connected to the national road system, is nestled deep in the southeastern Himalayas. The roaring Yarlung Zangbo River makes a dramatic turn at the Guoguotang Bend, creating abundant hydropower resources in the area.

Standing at the iconic Guoguotang viewing platform, one can look down at a beautiful tea plantation, shaped like a horseshoe, imprinted on the nearby hillside, blending in with the majestic Yarlung Zangbo River Valley.

Today, tea has become the "golden leaf" that enriches the lives of the people of Medog.

Since the first tea bush was planted in a trial in 2015, Medog's tea gardens have spread across the high mountains and deep valleys. During the tea-picking season, farmers are seen constantly moving about, and the fragrance of tea fills the plateau air.

The county has now established 103 high-altitude organic tea gardens, with a total tea plantation area of 19,000 mu (approximately 1,267 hectares). Currently, there are six tea processing enterprises, and in 2023, 5.25 million kilograms of fresh tea leaves were harvested, increasing the income of the local people by 5.13 million yuan ($700,000), according to the Medog government.

This success is a result of aid efforts from Foshan, South China's Guangdong Province. Since 2013, Foshan has sent four groups of 189 officials and professionals to aid Xizang, investing 570 million yuan ($80 million) in aid funds, and completing 89 construction projects. Additionally, they provided 77 million yuan in extra-budgetary funds for five more projects, contributing significantly to the tremendous changes in Medog since the opening of the Medog Highway 10 years ago.

With a decade of infrastructure development and tourism promotion, Medog has now become one of the most popular tourist destinations in Xizang. In 2023, the county welcomed 42,000 tourists, generating over 200 million yuan in revenue, the Global Times learned from Medog publicity department.

Similarly, Yadong county, also located on the border, has benefited from the development of tourism brought about by aid teams.

Pangda village is a model well-off border village supported by Shanghai's aid. Thanks to this support, 99 households with nearly 500 residents relocated from a village at an altitude of 4,630 meters to Pangda at around 2,000 meters, where they have started a new life.

In addition to economic development, Shanghai has also brought advanced educational resources to Yadong.

In recent years, Putuo district's education system has dispatched numerous outstanding officials and teachers to Xizang.

These educators have embedded Shanghai's advanced teaching concepts and methods into the schools they assist, engaging in deep exchanges with local teachers, growing together, and becoming "golden seeds" that foster the reform and development of local education.
Lasting legacy

Among the many pairing-up assistance programs for Xizang, the artistic support efforts of a talent team from East China's Fujian Province are also impressive.

Thangka, a scroll painting framed with colored satin, is the most representative folk religious art form of the Tibetan ethnic group. Lacquer painting is a traditional painting form that uses natural lacquer as the main material. Fujian lacquer painting is one of the important lacquer painting schools in China. Under the efforts of the Fujian Aid-Xizang Work Team, they merged to produce a new art form - Thangka lacquer painting.

Since 2018, the Fujian Provincial Museum of Art has explored innovative art poverty alleviation models and has successively sent professional personnel and local lacquer artists to hold nine Thangka painting training sessions in Qamdo, eastern Xizang, and Fujian, teaching over 160 Thangka painters the art of lacquer painting and creating more than 300 Thangka lacquer painting works.

"The technique of Fuzhou bodiless lacquerware and Thangka art are both listed as the first batch of national intangible heritage. Through paired support, these two ancient and locally distinctive art forms have achieved organic integration," Yu Zheng, a representative inheritor of Fuzhou bodiless lacquerware technique, told the Global Times.

Yu went to Qamdo in August 2023 for a month-long course on Thangka painting techniques.

"When we came to Qamdo, the collision of these two art forms brought about an expansion of the local Thangka painters' creativity, ushering these Tibetan artists to a broader stage," said Yu.

In 2019, Thangka lacquer painting works made their international debut at the second China International Import Expo. Since then, these art pieces have appeared at important international cultural exchange platforms such as the Cross-Strait Cultural Industry Expo and the China International Copyright Expo.

In June 2020, nearly 400,000 netizens watched the process of creating Thangka lacquer paintings streamed online.

Fujian has several active lacquer art creation and operation groups in China. These professional technicians and lacquer artists have conducted Thangka lacquer painting training in Xizang, helping local Tibetan artists boost the visibility and sales of their artworks through the fusion of painting techniques, bringing them more income, Yu said.

In 2022, under the guidance of the Fujian talent team, the Qamdo Vocational and Technical College established a major in lacquer painting to cultivate composite talents in this kind of painting.

Yu emphasized that the training of Thangka lacquer painting techniques offers not only technical skills and cultural preservation, but also a mutually beneficial cultural exchange and a deep emotional connection between people from different places. This vibrant artistic innovation continues to attract more and more people.

Editor’s Note:

Located in South Asia, India is China’s close neighbor, yet for many Chinese people, the country remains both intriguing and unfamiliar. Many social media bloggers often share various “incredible” experiences they encounter in India: Asia’s largest slum, the daring and reckless act of “train surfing,” and the “clean and hygienic” street food specialties, among others. While the lively streets and aroma of curry represent a unique side of Indian culture, Mi (pseudonym), a Chinese woman who has lived in India for nearly 20 years, has witnessed more of the country’s changes and its complex “duality.” The Global Times invites Mi to share her perspective on India with our readers.
Bumpy roads

Our impression of a strange city often begins at the airport or train station. In 2006, I flew directly from Beijing to New Delhi, the capital of India. As soon as I got off the plane, I was hit by a strong sensory overload: the complex aroma of spices filled the air; the customs officer’s accent made it hard for me to tell whether he was speaking Hindi or Indian English, no matter how carefully I listened; a little sunlight filtered through the thick grease on the glass windows, making it difficult to discern whether it was sunny or cloudy outside.

However, the situation quickly improved. In 2010, the opening of the new Terminal 3 at Indira Gandhi International Airport made it one of the largest and most important airports in South Asia, and it ranked among the world's largest modern airports. The airport's design is rich in elements of India's diverse culture, leaving a deep impression on travelers from all over the world.

When it comes to transportation in India, most people might think of trains packed with passengers. However, the subways and light rail systems in Indian cities are also clean, quiet, and well-equipped, with dedicated compartments for women. Riding the Indian subway in the summer is indeed a pleasant experience: the air conditioning is sufficient, the cars are bright and clean, and some stations even have cafes and convenience stores.

According to a report by Indian media outlet Mint, India’s Union Minister Hardeep Singh Puri said, “Today we have 945 kilometers of metro system functioning in the country, and we have another 1,000 under construction. This will be done in the next two and a half years, and we will have the world's second-largest urban transport metro.”

However, above this rapidly expanding subway network, the streets are a chaotic mix of cars, motorcycles, auto-rickshaws, and pedestrians, often encountering cows, dogs, camels, horse-drawn carts, and elephants. The sound of honking horns and bustling crowds is ever-present. As for highways, India has had them for 20 years, but this "high-speed" is not the same as what one might expect.

In 2006, when a group of us traveled to the Taj Mahal in Uttar Pradesh, I fell asleep as soon as I got in the car. After about an hour, I woke up to see cows, dogs, camels, tractors, and pedestrians still crossing the road, and I asked, “Why haven't we gotten on the highway yet?” Other passengers burst into laughter, saying, "This is the highway!"

Now, India finally has a real expressway. Known as the "Golden Quadrilateral," a network of four national highways that connects New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai, spanning approximately 5,800 kilometers. The travel time for the route from New Delhi to the Taj Mahal, which is about 200 kilometers, has been reduced from 5 hours to just 3 hours, with a toll fee of 470 rupees ($5.6).

Looking back 20 years ago, New Delhi had only one relatively decent shopping mall called Ansal Plaza, which was a two-story building. The more upscale shopping street was Connaught Place in the city center, built by former British colonizers. At its center is a circular large park surrounded by white buildings, all two stories high, housing shops, restaurants, cafes, and more. For most people, however, community markets were the preferred shopping destinations. Along a street, there were single-story shops on both sides, which looked like abandoned warehouses from the outside, and the interior arrangements were chaotic and cramped.

Things have improved significantly now. Large shopping malls, supermarkets, and convenience stores are everywhere in New Delhi, and people’s lives have benefited from better infrastructure. However, the situation of pothole-ridden streets and litter-strewn areas in Indian cities have not changed. An Indian friend joked that in India, even if you drive a million-dollar luxury car, you still are forced to experience the bumps. I recall that just before the local elections, the streets in my community were hastily repaired. Although they looked new, the quality of the construction was concerning, and not long after the elections, they returned to their original state. The locals lamented to me, "the government won't make investments without returns."

It wasn't until the 2010 Commonwealth Games and last year’s Group of 20 (G20) Summit that the relevant main roads and supporting facilities received a much needed attention, but there were issues with the quality of the work. The overpass outside the Nehru Stadium, which was upgraded, collapsed just half a month before the opening of the Games in 2010. In June, the roof of Terminal 1 at the airport also collapsed due to heavy rain. As soon as the rainy season arrives, the underground passages get flooded, making it impossible to find the entrances.
Spiritual gap

My first visit to India was to attend my boyfriend's sister's wedding, which felt like a fairy tale. However, the stark contrast between the opulence of the wedding and the dirty, pothole-filled streets made it difficult for me to form a coherent impression of this place. The guests were adorned in dazzling jewelry while beggars tapped on car windows with their faces etched with hunger; the robust guests clinked glasses while the frail rickshaw pullers sweated profusely. I passed by makeshift shanties with roofs barely waist high. The biggest psychological challenge for me in India was constantly absorbing the jarring impact of these disjointed scenes.

Upon first encountering India, one cannot help but notice its sense of ritual: the devotion to religious beliefs as part of a “slow life,” and the warmth of younger generations performing the foot-touching gesture for their elders. I used to think that "slow living" was a "patent" of developed countries, which often left me puzzled: why does India, with around 200 million people living in poverty, not have a sense of urgency? After living in India for a few years, I gradually came to understand their underlying logic: they believe that "life is just a fragment of the soul's journey, and ordinary people have no need to rush. What matters is to attain spiritual elevation through devotion.”

India is known not only for its significant wealth gap, but also for the low social and familial status of women, particularly in rural areas and among the lower classes in urban centers. Many women face early marriage, early childbirth, and abuse from in-laws due to insufficient dowries. One of my middle-aged Indian female friends complained that her father had never held her but always embraced her brother. When she was born, her father was in Mumbai for business; after booking a return flight, he changed his mind and canceled the ticket upon hearing that he had a daughter.

In middle-class Indian families, it is common to employ domestic helpers. A live-in maid typically earns around 1,500 yuan ($212) per month, while a non-live-in maid earns less than 1,000 yuan per month. They never sit on chairs but instead sit on the floor, and they have special iron plates and bowls for eating. Non-live-in maids are allowed to take home leftover food and sometimes even take away old clothes that their employers no longer wear.

In the past, women's development in India was often constrained by traditional roles. At home, they followed their fathers, and after marriage, they followed their husbands. Even today, it is still quite common for Indian girls to take their husband’s surname after marriage, and some traditional in-laws even change the girl’s name, referring to it as “starting a new life."

Nowadays, most middle-class families in India care for their daughters. Young urban parents are not like the previous generation who only preferred boys to girls, and women's opportunities for development have greatly expanded. For example, my Indian female friends have received a good education, speak fluent English, and work in fields they are passionate about. One girl was a physiotherapist before marriage and later opened a clinic, hiring someone to manage it while she teaches as a guest lecturer twice a week. However, this relatively comfortable and pleasant life after marriage is heavily reliant on financial support from her family.

In addition to the status of women, the caste system is another relic of feudal society in India that has been widely criticized. Although the constitution has long abolished it, the influence of caste in society today remains significant. After living with Indians for many years, I have come to realize the deep spiritual divide that the millennia-old caste system has created among people. Compared to the gap between the rich and the poor, this spiritual barrier is even harder to overcome.

What surprised me the most is that in public places, high-caste individuals often give orders to low-caste individuals whom they do not know, and the latter tend to accept this treatment submissively. For example, when a rickshaw or a small vendor's cart is parked in the market, if a car wants to stop in that spot, the driver will simply honk the horn to demand that the other person move. Children mimic this behavior as well. High-caste children in parks never play with low-caste children. Furthermore, if a high-caste girl falls in love with or marries a low-caste man, her brothers and father may act in the name of "protecting family honor," effectively ostracizing her.
Two camps

India's “dual characters” is also reflected in its contradictory attitude toward foreign investment. On one hand, India has implemented large-scale measures to attract foreign investment. On the other hand, officials are paranoid that foreign companies will seize the domestic market, leading to strong support for Indian enterprises. This has resulted in a deteriorating business environment and increasing difficulties in attracting foreign investment.

For instance, the American fast-food chain Burger King sued an Indian restaurant with the same name for trademark infringement, and after a 13-year legal battle, it ultimately lost the case. The reason was that the Indian Burger King had been using the trademark since 1991, before the American Burger King entered the Indian market. An Indian friend jokingly remarked to me, "It's just too bad that the American Burger King came to India too late!" Additionally, some of my Chinese friends have been forced to abandon their operating factories in India in recent years due to difficulties in obtaining visas.

When I first got married, it was rare to see Chinese faces in India. My Chinese friend Xiao He, who married her Indian husband in 2004, even had their wedding featured in an Indian newspaper. 10 years ago, with the arrival of Chinese companies like OPPO and Xiaomi, as well as the increase in trade between the two countries leading to more cross-national marriages, the Chinese community in India began to grow. We gradually formed our own community, celebrating traditional festivals together, spreading Chinese culture, and promoting people-to-people exchanges between the two countries.

Taking our family as an example, under my guidance, we moved our dinner time from 9:30 pm to before 8 pm, which helped my originally overweight in-laws lose 20 kilograms. Our whole family also started drinking Tieguanyin tea with me, gradually changing their habits of drinking ice water and taking cold showers.

Overall, most of the Indians I encounter in daily life are friendly and open. I also know quite a few who have been to China or have trade relations with China. In their eyes, Yiwu and Guangzhou are the "most famous" cities in China, and some have also visited Shanghai. The trade they engage in mostly involves importing electrical appliances, shoes, hats, toys among others from China.

Indian businessman Delneja took over the wholesale shoe business from his father 20 years ago and used to travel to Yiwu for procurement multiple times when he was younger. A few years ago, he happily showed me an application on his phone, telling me that now he only needs to confirm new products with Yiwu merchants on WeChat to directly place orders, eliminating the need to travel to China every time for procurement. "It saves on travel expenses, platform commissions, and makes the products more competitively priced," he said.

Some better schools in India advocate for respect for cultural diversity and often organize performances where students showcase various cultures through songs, dances, and dramas, with Chinese elements often being a key part. At first, the Chinese couplets on stage looked quite perplexed as they were randomly drawn by Indian teachers and parents. Later, I took the initiative to join the props team, helping the children prepare couplets, paper cuttings, Chinese knots, lanterns, and other props and decorations.

In these small acts of mutual help and communication, I feel that the people of China and India can better understand and respect each other. The "invisible barriers" between individuals seem to loosen, allowing beams of light to shine through.

Chinese lawmakers on Friday voted to adopt a decision on gradually raising the statutory retirement age in the country, marking the first adjustment in the arrangement since 1950s.

According to the decision adopted at the 11th session of the Standing Committee of the 14th National People's Congress, the statutory retirement age for men will be gradually raised from 60 to 63 in the course of 15 years starting 2025, while that for women cadres and women blue-collar workers will be raised from 55 to 58 and from 50 to 55, respectively.